1. Introduction to Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH)

What is Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH)? Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by granulosa cells in ovarian follicles in females and Sertoli cells in males. In women, AMH is a key marker of ovarian reserve, reflecting the quantity and quality of remaining eggs. It is used to assess fertility potential, guide assisted reproductive technologies (e.g., IVF), and diagnose conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or premature ovarian insufficiency. In men, AMH levels are used to evaluate testicular function, particularly in pediatric cases of ambiguous genitalia or delayed puberty.

2. What is an AMH Unit Converter?

Definition: The AMH Unit Converter converts AMH concentrations between various units, enabling standardization of laboratory results for clinical use.

Purpose: It assists clinicians and researchers in interpreting AMH levels across different measurement units (e.g., pmol/L to ng/mL), ensuring accurate assessment of ovarian reserve, fertility, and reproductive health.

3. Importance of AMH Unit Conversions

Converting AMH concentrations between units is critical for:

• Standardizing Results: Different labs report AMH in various units (e.g., pmol/L, ng/mL); conversion ensures consistency for diagnosis and treatment planning.
• Clinical Diagnosis: Accurate conversions aid in assessing ovarian reserve, predicting IVF outcomes, diagnosing PCOS, and evaluating testicular function in males.
• Research and Collaboration: Enables comparison of AMH data across studies or institutions using different measurement standards.

4. Clinical Significance

Elevated Levels: High AMH levels in women are often associated with PCOS, indicating a high follicle count. In men, elevated AMH may suggest persistent Müllerian duct syndrome or other testicular dysfunctions. High levels in women may predict hyper-response to ovarian stimulation in IVF.

Low Levels: Low AMH levels in women indicate diminished ovarian reserve, associated with aging, premature ovarian insufficiency, or menopause. In men, low AMH may suggest impaired testicular function or gonadal dysgenesis. Low levels in women may predict poor response to IVF.

Normal Ranges:

• Women (reproductive age): Typically 1.0–4.0 ng/mL (7.14–28.57 pmol/L).
• Men (prepubertal): Higher, typically 15–48 ng/mL (107–343 pmol/L).
• Values vary by lab, age, sex, and assay—consult a healthcare provider for interpretation.

5. Precautions

Interferences:

• AMH levels are relatively stable across the menstrual cycle but can be affected by hormonal contraceptives, ovarian surgery, or chemotherapy.
• Assay variability and sample handling (e.g., storage conditions) can influence results; standardized assays are preferred.
• Interpret AMH levels with clinical history, ultrasound findings (e.g., antral follicle count), and other reproductive hormones (e.g., FSH)—consult a healthcare provider for accuracy.

6. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Why are there different units for AMH?
A: Different units reflect varying standards; pmol/L is the SI unit, while ng/mL is commonly used in clinical practice, particularly in reproductive medicine.

Q: What is a normal AMH level?
A: Normal AMH for women of reproductive age is typically 1.0–4.0 ng/mL (7.14–28.57 pmol/L); levels in men are higher prepubertally. Consult a healthcare provider for interpretation.

Q: Can this converter be used for other reproductive hormones?
A: No, this converter is specific to AMH; other hormones (e.g., FSH, estradiol) have different molecular weights and conversion factors—consult a healthcare provider for accuracy.