1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula calculates the final concentration of a solution after dilution. It is based on the principle of conservation of mass, where the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution formula:

Where:

• \( M_2 \) — Final molarity (mol/L)
• \( M_1 \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The formula calculates the new concentration after diluting a solution by adding more solvent while keeping the amount of solute constant.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry laboratories, pharmaceutical preparations, and various industrial processes where precise concentrations are required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial molarity in mol/L, initial volume in liters, and final volume in liters. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the principle behind the dilution formula?
A: The dilution formula is based on the conservation of mass principle, where the number of moles of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

Q2: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as both volume units are the same (e.g., both in mL or both in L), the formula will work correctly.

Q3: What if I need to calculate a different variable?
A: The formula can be rearranged to solve for any variable: \( M_1 = M_2 \times \frac{V_2}{V_1} \), \( V_1 = M_2 \times \frac{V_2}{M_1} \), or \( V_2 = M_1 \times \frac{V_1}{M_2} \).

Q4: Does temperature affect dilution calculations?
A: Temperature affects volume measurements but not the fundamental principle. For precise work, measurements should be made at standard temperature.

Q5: Can this formula be used for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, for serial dilutions, you would apply the formula sequentially for each dilution step.