1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration [H+]. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, values above 7 indicating basicity, and 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (unitless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the acidity level of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, environmental science, medicine, and industry. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological processes, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic.

Q2: How is pH related to [H+] concentration?
A: pH is inversely related to [H+] concentration. As [H+] increases, pH decreases, indicating higher acidity.

Q3: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids, pH can be negative, and for extremely concentrated bases, pH can exceed 14, though these are rare in typical applications.

Q4: Why use logarithms in pH calculation?
A: Logarithms compress the wide range of [H+] concentrations (from 1 to 10^-14 mol/L) into a more manageable scale of 0 to 14.

Q5: What are some common pH values?
A: Pure water has pH 7, lemon juice around 2, vinegar around 3, coffee around 5, blood around 7.4, soap around 10, and bleach around 13.