1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula calculates the final concentration of a solution after dilution. It is based on the principle that the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution, expressed as \( M_1V_1 = M_2V_2 \).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution formula:

Where:

• \( M_1 \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (L)
• \( M_2 \) — Final molarity (mol/L)

Explanation: The formula shows that the final concentration is proportional to the initial concentration and the ratio of initial to final volumes.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry laboratories for preparing solutions of desired concentrations, which is critical for experiments, analytical procedures, and pharmaceutical preparations.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial molarity in mol/L, initial volume in L, and final volume in L. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as both volume units are the same (e.g., both in mL or both in L), the calculation will be accurate.

Q2: What if I need to find initial concentration or volume?
A: The formula can be rearranged to solve for any variable: \( M_1 = M_2 \times \frac{V_2}{V_1} \), \( V_1 = M_2 \times \frac{V_2}{M_1} \), or \( V_2 = M_1 \times \frac{V_1}{M_2} \).

Q3: Does temperature affect dilution calculations?
A: Temperature can affect volume measurements, but the dilution formula itself is temperature-independent as it's based on conservation of moles.

Q4: Can this formula be used for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, for serial dilutions, you would apply the formula sequentially for each dilution step.

Q5: What are common applications of dilution calculations?
A: Common applications include preparing standard solutions, diluting concentrated acids, making buffer solutions, and preparing medications in pharmacy.