1. What is Molarity Dilution?

Molarity dilution refers to the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent. The dilution formula \( M_2 = M_1 \times \frac{V_1}{V_2} \) allows calculation of the new concentration after dilution.

2. How Does the Dilution Formula Work?

The dilution formula is based on the principle of conservation of moles:

Where:

• \( M_1 \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume after dilution (L)
• \( M_2 \) — Final molarity (mol/L)

Explanation: The number of moles of solute remains constant during dilution, so the product of initial concentration and volume equals the product of final concentration and volume.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in laboratory settings for preparing solutions of specific concentrations, in pharmaceutical preparations, and in various chemical and biological experiments.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial molarity in mol/L, initial volume in liters, and final volume in liters. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the final molarity after dilution.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the dilution formula important in laboratory work?
A: It allows researchers to accurately prepare solutions of desired concentrations from stock solutions, ensuring experimental consistency and reproducibility.

Q2: Can this formula be used for any concentration unit?
A: While specifically for molarity, the same principle applies to other concentration units like normality or percentage solutions, as long as the units are consistent.

Q3: What if volumes are in different units?
A: Ensure all volume measurements are in the same units before calculation. Convert milliliters to liters or vice versa as needed.

Q4: Does temperature affect dilution calculations?
A: Temperature can affect volume measurements due to thermal expansion, but for most practical purposes at room temperature, the effect is negligible.

Q5: How accurate are dilution calculations?
A: The mathematical calculation is exact, but practical accuracy depends on the precision of measurements and proper mixing of the diluted solution.