1. What is the Dilution Equation?

The dilution equation (M₁V₁ = M₂V₂) describes the relationship between the concentrations and volumes of a solution before and after dilution. It's based on the principle that the amount of solute remains constant during the dilution process.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( M_1 \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( M_2 \) — Final molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The product of initial concentration and volume equals the product of final concentration and volume, as the number of moles of solute remains unchanged during dilution.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Dilution calculations are essential in chemistry laboratories for preparing solutions of desired concentrations, in pharmaceutical preparations, and in various industrial processes where precise concentrations are required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all four values (M1, V1, M2, V2) in appropriate units. The calculator will verify if the dilution equation holds true for the given values. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, but all volume units must be consistent (all in liters or all in milliliters). The calculator currently uses liters as the default unit.

Q2: What if my equation doesn't balance?
A: If M₁V₁ ≠ M₂V₂, it means either your measurements are inaccurate or there's an error in your dilution process.

Q3: Can this calculator solve for an unknown variable?
A: This version verifies the equation. For solving unknowns, you would need to rearrange the equation accordingly.

Q4: Does temperature affect dilution calculations?
A: Temperature can affect volume measurements slightly, but for most practical purposes, the effect is negligible in dilution calculations.

Q5: Is this equation valid for all types of solutions?
A: The equation works for ideal solutions. For non-ideal solutions, especially at high concentrations, additional factors may need to be considered.